GEOL431

Vertebrate Paleobiology

Prerequisite: BSCI207, BSCI392, GEOL104, GEOL204, or GEOL331; or permission of CMNS-Geology department. A survey of the evolution of the vertebrates, encompassing information from the diversity of living members, but concentrating on the contribution of the fossil record. Emphasis is on the phylogenetic systematics, comparative and functional anatomy, developmental biology, and stratigraphic distribution of major extinct and extant groups.

Spring 2025

John Merck

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Thomas Holtz

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Past Semesters

John Merck

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Thomas Holtz

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John Merck

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Average rating: N/A

Thomas Holtz

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Average rating: N/A

Include P/F semesters During the Spring 2020 and Spring 2021 semesters, students could choose to take some of their courses pass-fail mid-semester which skews grade data aggregated across multiple semesters.

Average GPA of 2.88 between 39 students*

A-: 17.95%

A: 5.13%

A+: 17.95%

B: 15.38%

B+: 10.26%

C-: 5.13%

C: 2.56%

C+: 2.56%

F: 2.56%

W: 10.26%

other: 10.26%

* "W"s are considered to be 0.0 quality points. "Other" grades are not factored into GPA calculation. Grade data not guaranteed to be correct.